Research Article
Comparative Analysis of Furrow Irrigation Systems for Garlic Cultivation in Central Ethiopia, Tiyo Distinct
Abu Dedo Ilmi*
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 1, March 2025
Pages:
1-7
Received:
20 March 2025
Accepted:
7 April 2025
Published:
28 April 2025
Abstract: This study presents a comparative evaluation of three furrow irrigation systems—Conventional Furrow Irrigation (CFI), Alternate Furrow Irrigation (AFI), and Fixed Furrow Irrigation (FFI)—for garlic (Allium sativum L.) cultivation in the Tiyo District of Central Ethiopia. The objective was to assess their impact on garlic growth, yield, water use efficiency (WUE), and economic viability under water-limited conditions. A field experiment was conducted using a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Each system was tested under four irrigation levels based on crop evapotranspiration (ETc): 100%, 85%, 70%, and 55%. the results revealed that while CFI produced the highest yield (9.86 q/ha), AFI achieved a comparable yield (8.27 q/ha) with only 50% of the water used in CFI (246.3 mm vs. 492.5 mm), resulting in superior WUE values—58.77 kg/mm for crop water use efficiency (CWUE) and 44.07 kg/mm for irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE). FFI, on the other hand, underperformed across most parameters due to uneven water distribution. Economically, AFI recorded the highest benefit-cost ratio (BCR = 1.79) and demonstrated the potential to save 28,567 m³/ha of water, which could be used to expand irrigation to an additional 15.12 hectares. the findings highlight AFI as a water-saving and economically viable alternative for garlic production in semi-arid regions. The study recommends the adoption of AFI as a sustainable irrigation strategy to enhance water productivity, reduce operational costs, and support agricultural resilience in water-scarce areas.
Abstract: This study presents a comparative evaluation of three furrow irrigation systems—Conventional Furrow Irrigation (CFI), Alternate Furrow Irrigation (AFI), and Fixed Furrow Irrigation (FFI)—for garlic (Allium sativum L.) cultivation in the Tiyo District of Central Ethiopia. The objective was to assess their impact on garlic growth, yield, water use ef...
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Research Article
Review of One Health Approaches to Combat Avian Influenza: Lessons from Outbreak Management
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 1, March 2025
Pages:
8-15
Received:
14 April 2025
Accepted:
24 April 2025
Published:
29 May 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.reports.20250501.12
Downloads:
Views:
Abstract: Avian Influenza (AI) represents a significant and ongoing threat to both animal and human health due to its zoonotic potential and ability to cause widespread outbreaks. The disease, caused by influenza A viruses, primarily affects birds but can occasionally cross species barriers, infecting humans and other animals. Outbreaks of AI, particularly strains such as H5N1 and H7N9, have led to serious public health emergencies, economic disruptions, and trade restrictions, especially in countries with dense poultry populations. To address these complex and interlinked challenges, the One Health approach has gained prominence. This integrative framework recognizes the interconnectedness of human, animal, and environmental health, emphasizing cross-sectoral collaboration in disease prevention and control. Managing AI effectively requires coordinated efforts among veterinarians, public health professionals, environmental scientists, and policy-makers. Key strategies under the One Health umbrella include early detection through surveillance, timely vaccination campaigns, biosecurity measures, and community awareness initiatives. This review provides a comprehensive overview of Avian Influenza, highlighting its transmission dynamics, impacts, and control measures. It further explores how the One Health approach enhances preparedness and response to AI outbreaks by fostering information sharing and joint action across sectors. Case studies from past outbreaks, such as H5N1 in Southeast Asia and H7N9 in China, illustrate both the successes achieved and the ongoing challenges in containment and control. In conclusion, advancing One Health initiatives is vital for improving resilience to AI and similar emerging infectious diseases. Strengthening collaboration, investing in research, and building institutional capacities remain key priorities for mitigating future risks and protecting global health.
Abstract: Avian Influenza (AI) represents a significant and ongoing threat to both animal and human health due to its zoonotic potential and ability to cause widespread outbreaks. The disease, caused by influenza A viruses, primarily affects birds but can occasionally cross species barriers, infecting humans and other animals. Outbreaks of AI, particularly s...
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