Avian Influenza (AI) represents a significant and ongoing threat to both animal and human health due to its zoonotic potential and ability to cause widespread outbreaks. The disease, caused by influenza A viruses, primarily affects birds but can occasionally cross species barriers, infecting humans and other animals. Outbreaks of AI, particularly strains such as H5N1 and H7N9, have led to serious public health emergencies, economic disruptions, and trade restrictions, especially in countries with dense poultry populations. To address these complex and interlinked challenges, the One Health approach has gained prominence. This integrative framework recognizes the interconnectedness of human, animal, and environmental health, emphasizing cross-sectoral collaboration in disease prevention and control. Managing AI effectively requires coordinated efforts among veterinarians, public health professionals, environmental scientists, and policy-makers. Key strategies under the One Health umbrella include early detection through surveillance, timely vaccination campaigns, biosecurity measures, and community awareness initiatives. This review provides a comprehensive overview of Avian Influenza, highlighting its transmission dynamics, impacts, and control measures. It further explores how the One Health approach enhances preparedness and response to AI outbreaks by fostering information sharing and joint action across sectors. Case studies from past outbreaks, such as H5N1 in Southeast Asia and H7N9 in China, illustrate both the successes achieved and the ongoing challenges in containment and control. In conclusion, advancing One Health initiatives is vital for improving resilience to AI and similar emerging infectious diseases. Strengthening collaboration, investing in research, and building institutional capacities remain key priorities for mitigating future risks and protecting global health.
| Published in | Reports (Volume 5, Issue 1) |
| DOI | 10.11648/j.reports.20250501.12 |
| Page(s) | 8-15 |
| Creative Commons |
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited. |
| Copyright |
Copyright © The Author(s), 2025. Published by Science Publishing Group |
Avian Influenza, One Health, Surveillance, Outbreak, Vaccination, Zoonosis
| [1] | Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2023). Avian influenza A virus subtypes: H5N1 and H7N9. Retrieved from |
| [2] | Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2023). One Health. Retrieved from |
| [3] | Destoumieux-Garzón, D., Mavingui, P., Boetsch, G., Boissier, J., Darriet, F., Duboz, P., & Voituron, Y. (2018). The One Health Concept: 10 Years Old and a Long Road Ahead. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 5, 14. |
| [4] | Feare, C. (2007). Avian Influenza and the Role of Wild Birds. Journal of Wildlife Diseases, 43(2), 299–305. |
| [5] | Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). (2016). Avian Influenza: Global Situation Update and Response Strategies. |
| [6] | Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). (2021). Avian influenza – An overview. Retrieved from |
| [7] | Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). (2021). FAO's work on avian influenza: Ensuring a One Health approach. Rome: FAO. |
| [8] | Gao, R., Cao, B., Hu, Y., Feng, Z., Wang, D., Hu, W., & Li, Q. (2013). Human infection with a novel avian-origin influenza A (H7N9) virus. New England Journal of Medicine, 368(20), 1888–1897. |
| [9] | Gebreyes, W. A., Dupouy-Camet, J., Newport, M. J., Oliveira, C. J. B., Schlesinger, L. S., Saif, Y. M.,... & King, L. J. (2014). The global one health paradigm: challenges and opportunities for tackling infectious diseases at the human, animal, and environment interface in low-resource settings. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 8(11), e3257. |
| [10] | Grace, D. (2014). The business case for One Health. Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research, 81(2), 1–6. |
| [11] | International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI). (2014). Managing Avian Influenza: A One Health Approach. |
| [12] | Jones, B. (2018). Collaborative Approaches to Disease Surveillance: Lessons from Avian Influenza. Frontiers in Public Health. |
| [13] | Mackenzie, J. S., & Jeggo, M. (2019). The One Health approach—Why is it so important? Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease, 4(2), 88. |
| [14] | Office International des Epizooties (OIE),/ Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), H5N1 Evolution Working Group. (2012). Continued evolution of highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N1): Updated nomenclature. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses, 6(1), 1–5. |
| [15] | Swayne, D. E. (2012). Avian Influenza: Vaccines and Vaccination. Elsevier. |
| [16] | World Health Organization (WHO). (2005). Avian Influenza: A Public Health Perspective. |
| [17] | World Health Organization (WHO). (2013). H7N9 Influenza Update. |
| [18] | World Health Organization (WHO). (2017). Taking a multisectoral, One Health approach: A tripartite guide to addressing zoonotic diseases in countries. Geneva: WHO. |
| [19] | World Health Organization (WHO). (2022). Avian influenza: Situation updates and information. Retrieved from |
| [20] | World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH). (2023). Avian Influenza (Bird Flu). Retrieved from |
APA Style
Kibebew, K. (2025). Review of One Health Approaches to Combat Avian Influenza: Lessons from Outbreak Management. Reports, 5(1), 8-15. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.reports.20250501.12
ACS Style
Kibebew, K. Review of One Health Approaches to Combat Avian Influenza: Lessons from Outbreak Management. Reports. 2025, 5(1), 8-15. doi: 10.11648/j.reports.20250501.12
Share This Article
Twitter
Linked In
Facebook
Copy
Download@article{10.11648/j.reports.20250501.12,
author = {Kinfe Kibebew},
title = {Review of One Health Approaches to Combat Avian Influenza: Lessons from Outbreak Management
},
journal = {Reports},
volume = {5},
number = {1},
pages = {8-15},
doi = {10.11648/j.reports.20250501.12},
url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.reports.20250501.12},
eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.reports.20250501.12},
abstract = {Avian Influenza (AI) represents a significant and ongoing threat to both animal and human health due to its zoonotic potential and ability to cause widespread outbreaks. The disease, caused by influenza A viruses, primarily affects birds but can occasionally cross species barriers, infecting humans and other animals. Outbreaks of AI, particularly strains such as H5N1 and H7N9, have led to serious public health emergencies, economic disruptions, and trade restrictions, especially in countries with dense poultry populations. To address these complex and interlinked challenges, the One Health approach has gained prominence. This integrative framework recognizes the interconnectedness of human, animal, and environmental health, emphasizing cross-sectoral collaboration in disease prevention and control. Managing AI effectively requires coordinated efforts among veterinarians, public health professionals, environmental scientists, and policy-makers. Key strategies under the One Health umbrella include early detection through surveillance, timely vaccination campaigns, biosecurity measures, and community awareness initiatives. This review provides a comprehensive overview of Avian Influenza, highlighting its transmission dynamics, impacts, and control measures. It further explores how the One Health approach enhances preparedness and response to AI outbreaks by fostering information sharing and joint action across sectors. Case studies from past outbreaks, such as H5N1 in Southeast Asia and H7N9 in China, illustrate both the successes achieved and the ongoing challenges in containment and control. In conclusion, advancing One Health initiatives is vital for improving resilience to AI and similar emerging infectious diseases. Strengthening collaboration, investing in research, and building institutional capacities remain key priorities for mitigating future risks and protecting global health.
},
year = {2025}
}
TY - JOUR T1 - Review of One Health Approaches to Combat Avian Influenza: Lessons from Outbreak Management AU - Kinfe Kibebew Y1 - 2025/05/29 PY - 2025 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.reports.20250501.12 DO - 10.11648/j.reports.20250501.12 T2 - Reports JF - Reports JO - Reports SP - 8 EP - 15 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2994-7146 UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.reports.20250501.12 AB - Avian Influenza (AI) represents a significant and ongoing threat to both animal and human health due to its zoonotic potential and ability to cause widespread outbreaks. The disease, caused by influenza A viruses, primarily affects birds but can occasionally cross species barriers, infecting humans and other animals. Outbreaks of AI, particularly strains such as H5N1 and H7N9, have led to serious public health emergencies, economic disruptions, and trade restrictions, especially in countries with dense poultry populations. To address these complex and interlinked challenges, the One Health approach has gained prominence. This integrative framework recognizes the interconnectedness of human, animal, and environmental health, emphasizing cross-sectoral collaboration in disease prevention and control. Managing AI effectively requires coordinated efforts among veterinarians, public health professionals, environmental scientists, and policy-makers. Key strategies under the One Health umbrella include early detection through surveillance, timely vaccination campaigns, biosecurity measures, and community awareness initiatives. This review provides a comprehensive overview of Avian Influenza, highlighting its transmission dynamics, impacts, and control measures. It further explores how the One Health approach enhances preparedness and response to AI outbreaks by fostering information sharing and joint action across sectors. Case studies from past outbreaks, such as H5N1 in Southeast Asia and H7N9 in China, illustrate both the successes achieved and the ongoing challenges in containment and control. In conclusion, advancing One Health initiatives is vital for improving resilience to AI and similar emerging infectious diseases. Strengthening collaboration, investing in research, and building institutional capacities remain key priorities for mitigating future risks and protecting global health. VL - 5 IS - 1 ER -
Department of Animal Health, Agriculture Office, Shashemene, Ethiopia
