Tribute VS "Nanman": The Image Construction of "Magic Mirror Type"

Liu Hong

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ss.20241305.18

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Tribute VS "Nanman": The Image Construction of "Magic Mirror Type"

Liu Hong^*

Published in Social Sciences (Volume 13, Issue 5)

Received: 1 March 2024 Accepted: 23 September 2024 Published: 18 October 2024

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Abstract

For over 2000 years, feudal dynasties throughout China have referred to southerners as the “Nanman” (means Southern Barbarian). However, the specific situation of the treatment of Nanman titles by various dynasties has not been explored. In addition, the Nanman never stopped paying tribute to the Central Dynasty. No one is involved in whether tribute can earn the respect that the dynasty deserves. Nowadays, big data technology can easily handle massive amounts of literature, and it is entirely possible to analyze the above issues from "official histories" (the 25 historical books) using the method of word frequency research. The words frequency shows that since the unification of Lingnan by Emperor Qin Shi Huang, the feudal dynasties presented a paradox to Lingnan: The products in Lingnan were coveted, and local customs were despised. "Tribute" was used to cover up the predatory nature of Kings, and "Nanman" was used to establish political, national and cultural rank. The number of "tribute" and the meaning of "Nanman" formed the "magic mirror" development relationship in the big tree of feudal autocracy until the end of the Qing Dynasty. But on the one hand, the positive factors of "tribute" were absorbed and used by the western powers to establish their own alliances. On the other hand, they also mislead the public opinion and create trouble. Although "Nanman" has been eradicated politically, the regional discrimination and cultural misreading it contains have not been eradicated and often occurs. "Tribute" ranges from Kyushu to overseas to international relations. The connotation of "Nanman" from the orientation, nation and culture, the meaning of these two words has been spontaneously changing. It is timely to clarify their relationship and help make China revive.

Published in	Social Sciences (Volume 13, Issue 5)
DOI	10.11648/j.ss.20241305.18
Page(s)	197-213
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Tribute, Nanman, Magic Mirror Type, Star Ripple Propagation, Image Construction

References

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Hong, L. (2024). Tribute VS "Nanman": The Image Construction of "Magic Mirror Type". Social Sciences, 13(5), 197-213. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ss.20241305.18

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Hong, L. Tribute VS "Nanman": The Image Construction of "Magic Mirror Type". Soc. Sci. 2024, 13(5), 197-213. doi: 10.11648/j.ss.20241305.18

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Hong L. Tribute VS "Nanman": The Image Construction of "Magic Mirror Type". Soc Sci. 2024;13(5):197-213. doi: 10.11648/j.ss.20241305.18

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@article{10.11648/j.ss.20241305.18,
  author = {Liu Hong},
  title = {Tribute VS "Nanman": The Image Construction of "Magic Mirror Type"
},
  journal = {Social Sciences},
  volume = {13},
  number = {5},
  pages = {197-213},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ss.20241305.18},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ss.20241305.18},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ss.20241305.18},
  abstract = {For over 2000 years, feudal dynasties throughout China have referred to southerners as the “Nanman” (means Southern Barbarian). However, the specific situation of the treatment of Nanman titles by various dynasties has not been explored. In addition, the Nanman never stopped paying tribute to the Central Dynasty. No one is involved in whether tribute can earn the respect that the dynasty deserves. Nowadays, big data technology can easily handle massive amounts of literature, and it is entirely possible to analyze the above issues from "official histories" (the 25 historical books) using the method of word frequency research. The words frequency shows that since the unification of Lingnan by Emperor Qin Shi Huang, the feudal dynasties presented a paradox to Lingnan: The products in Lingnan were coveted, and local customs were despised. "Tribute" was used to cover up the predatory nature of Kings, and "Nanman" was used to establish political, national and cultural rank. The number of "tribute" and the meaning of "Nanman" formed the "magic mirror" development relationship in the big tree of feudal autocracy until the end of the Qing Dynasty. But on the one hand, the positive factors of "tribute" were absorbed and used by the western powers to establish their own alliances. On the other hand, they also mislead the public opinion and create trouble. Although "Nanman" has been eradicated politically, the regional discrimination and cultural misreading it contains have not been eradicated and often occurs. "Tribute" ranges from Kyushu to overseas to international relations. The connotation of "Nanman" from the orientation, nation and culture, the meaning of these two words has been spontaneously changing. It is timely to clarify their relationship and help make China revive.
},
 year = {2024}
}

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TY - JOUR
T1 - Tribute VS "Nanman": The Image Construction of "Magic Mirror Type"

AU - Liu Hong
Y1 - 2024/10/18
PY - 2024
N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ss.20241305.18
DO - 10.11648/j.ss.20241305.18
T2 - Social Sciences
JF - Social Sciences
JO - Social Sciences
SP - 197
EP - 213
PB - Science Publishing Group
SN - 2326-988X
UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ss.20241305.18
AB - For over 2000 years, feudal dynasties throughout China have referred to southerners as the “Nanman” (means Southern Barbarian). However, the specific situation of the treatment of Nanman titles by various dynasties has not been explored. In addition, the Nanman never stopped paying tribute to the Central Dynasty. No one is involved in whether tribute can earn the respect that the dynasty deserves. Nowadays, big data technology can easily handle massive amounts of literature, and it is entirely possible to analyze the above issues from "official histories" (the 25 historical books) using the method of word frequency research. The words frequency shows that since the unification of Lingnan by Emperor Qin Shi Huang, the feudal dynasties presented a paradox to Lingnan: The products in Lingnan were coveted, and local customs were despised. "Tribute" was used to cover up the predatory nature of Kings, and "Nanman" was used to establish political, national and cultural rank. The number of "tribute" and the meaning of "Nanman" formed the "magic mirror" development relationship in the big tree of feudal autocracy until the end of the Qing Dynasty. But on the one hand, the positive factors of "tribute" were absorbed and used by the western powers to establish their own alliances. On the other hand, they also mislead the public opinion and create trouble. Although "Nanman" has been eradicated politically, the regional discrimination and cultural misreading it contains have not been eradicated and often occurs. "Tribute" ranges from Kyushu to overseas to international relations. The connotation of "Nanman" from the orientation, nation and culture, the meaning of these two words has been spontaneously changing. It is timely to clarify their relationship and help make China revive.

VL - 13
IS - 5
ER -

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Liu Hong

Department of Culture and Communication, Xiangsihu College of Guangxi Minzu University, Nanning, China

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http://orcid.org/0009-0004-4330-3033

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Hong, L. (2024). Tribute VS "Nanman": The Image Construction of "Magic Mirror Type". Social Sciences, 13(5), 197-213. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ss.20241305.18

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ACS Style

Hong, L. Tribute VS "Nanman": The Image Construction of "Magic Mirror Type". Soc. Sci. 2024, 13(5), 197-213. doi: 10.11648/j.ss.20241305.18

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AMA Style

Hong L. Tribute VS "Nanman": The Image Construction of "Magic Mirror Type". Soc Sci. 2024;13(5):197-213. doi: 10.11648/j.ss.20241305.18

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@article{10.11648/j.ss.20241305.18,
  author = {Liu Hong},
  title = {Tribute VS "Nanman": The Image Construction of "Magic Mirror Type"
},
  journal = {Social Sciences},
  volume = {13},
  number = {5},
  pages = {197-213},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ss.20241305.18},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ss.20241305.18},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ss.20241305.18},
  abstract = {For over 2000 years, feudal dynasties throughout China have referred to southerners as the “Nanman” (means Southern Barbarian). However, the specific situation of the treatment of Nanman titles by various dynasties has not been explored. In addition, the Nanman never stopped paying tribute to the Central Dynasty. No one is involved in whether tribute can earn the respect that the dynasty deserves. Nowadays, big data technology can easily handle massive amounts of literature, and it is entirely possible to analyze the above issues from "official histories" (the 25 historical books) using the method of word frequency research. The words frequency shows that since the unification of Lingnan by Emperor Qin Shi Huang, the feudal dynasties presented a paradox to Lingnan: The products in Lingnan were coveted, and local customs were despised. "Tribute" was used to cover up the predatory nature of Kings, and "Nanman" was used to establish political, national and cultural rank. The number of "tribute" and the meaning of "Nanman" formed the "magic mirror" development relationship in the big tree of feudal autocracy until the end of the Qing Dynasty. But on the one hand, the positive factors of "tribute" were absorbed and used by the western powers to establish their own alliances. On the other hand, they also mislead the public opinion and create trouble. Although "Nanman" has been eradicated politically, the regional discrimination and cultural misreading it contains have not been eradicated and often occurs. "Tribute" ranges from Kyushu to overseas to international relations. The connotation of "Nanman" from the orientation, nation and culture, the meaning of these two words has been spontaneously changing. It is timely to clarify their relationship and help make China revive.
},
 year = {2024}
}

Copy | Download

TY - JOUR
T1 - Tribute VS "Nanman": The Image Construction of "Magic Mirror Type"

VL - 13
IS - 5
ER -

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