Prevalence of Prediabetes in First Degree Relatives of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in a Tertiary Centre in Southern Nigeria

Nkemegbunam Okoli; Boma Oyan; Sunny Chinenye; Chioma Unachukwu; Okechukwu Iheji

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajim.20231102.11

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Prevalence of Prediabetes in First Degree Relatives of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in a Tertiary Centre in Southern Nigeria

Nkemegbunam Okoli, Boma Oyan, Sunny Chinenye, Chioma Unachukwu, Okechukwu Iheji

Published in American Journal of Internal Medicine (Volume 11, Issue 2)

Received: 7 March 2023 Accepted: 1 April 2023 Published: 15 April 2023

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Abstract

Introduction: Prediabetes confers about a sixfold increased risk of diabetes and a two to threefold increased risk of cardiovascular events. A family history of diabetes is a major risk factor for the development of diabetes. The detection of prediabetes in its early stages in persons at risk could lead to the delay or prevention of the disease and subsequent adverse sequalae. Methods: A total of 180 first-degree relatives (FDR) of patients with type 2 diabetes and 90 controls were assessed. A fasting venous blood sample was collected for fasting plasma glucose. Following 75g of anhydrous glucose ingestion, the 2-hour post glucose load and glycated haemoglobin was assessed. Statistical significance was set at a p value <0.05. Results: The mean age of the cases who were first degree relatives of type 2 DM was 38.2±12.3 years with a female to male ratio of 1.4:1. The prevalence of prediabetes was 23.9% which was significantly higher than in the controls (10%; χ²=8.385, p=0.015). Using the various indices of glycaemic control, impaired fasting glucose, impaired glucose tolerance and elevated HbA1c in the FDR’s was found in 15.0%, 12.2% and 15.6% respectively. Conclusion: Relatives of Type 2 DM patients should be considered as primary target for diabetes preventive programs as this will necessitate institution of effective measures early to delay or prevent the onset of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Published in	American Journal of Internal Medicine (Volume 11, Issue 2)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajim.20231102.11
Page(s)	22-28
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2023. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Pre-Diabetes, First Degree Relatives, Type 2 Diabetes, Nigeria

References

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APA Style

Nkemegbunam Okoli, Boma Oyan, Sunny Chinenye, Chioma Unachukwu, Okechukwu Iheji. (2023). Prevalence of Prediabetes in First Degree Relatives of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in a Tertiary Centre in Southern Nigeria. American Journal of Internal Medicine, 11(2), 22-28. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajim.20231102.11

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ACS Style

Nkemegbunam Okoli; Boma Oyan; Sunny Chinenye; Chioma Unachukwu; Okechukwu Iheji. Prevalence of Prediabetes in First Degree Relatives of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in a Tertiary Centre in Southern Nigeria. Am. J. Intern. Med. 2023, 11(2), 22-28. doi: 10.11648/j.ajim.20231102.11

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AMA Style

Nkemegbunam Okoli, Boma Oyan, Sunny Chinenye, Chioma Unachukwu, Okechukwu Iheji. Prevalence of Prediabetes in First Degree Relatives of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in a Tertiary Centre in Southern Nigeria. Am J Intern Med. 2023;11(2):22-28. doi: 10.11648/j.ajim.20231102.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ajim.20231102.11,
  author = {Nkemegbunam Okoli and Boma Oyan and Sunny Chinenye and Chioma Unachukwu and Okechukwu Iheji},
  title = {Prevalence of Prediabetes in First Degree Relatives of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in a Tertiary Centre in Southern Nigeria},
  journal = {American Journal of Internal Medicine},
  volume = {11},
  number = {2},
  pages = {22-28},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajim.20231102.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajim.20231102.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajim.20231102.11},
  abstract = {Introduction: Prediabetes confers about a sixfold increased risk of diabetes and a two to threefold increased risk of cardiovascular events. A family history of diabetes is a major risk factor for the development of diabetes. The detection of prediabetes in its early stages in persons at risk could lead to the delay or prevention of the disease and subsequent adverse sequalae. Methods: A total of 180 first-degree relatives (FDR) of patients with type 2 diabetes and 90 controls were assessed. A fasting venous blood sample was collected for fasting plasma glucose. Following 75g of anhydrous glucose ingestion, the 2-hour post glucose load and glycated haemoglobin was assessed. Statistical significance was set at a p value Results: The mean age of the cases who were first degree relatives of type 2 DM was 38.2±12.3 years with a female to male ratio of 1.4:1. The prevalence of prediabetes was 23.9% which was significantly higher than in the controls (10%; χ2=8.385, p=0.015). Using the various indices of glycaemic control, impaired fasting glucose, impaired glucose tolerance and elevated HbA1c in the FDR’s was found in 15.0%, 12.2% and 15.6% respectively. Conclusion: Relatives of Type 2 DM patients should be considered as primary target for diabetes preventive programs as this will necessitate institution of effective measures early to delay or prevent the onset of type 2 diabetes mellitus.},
 year = {2023}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Prevalence of Prediabetes in First Degree Relatives of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in a Tertiary Centre in Southern Nigeria
AU  - Nkemegbunam Okoli
AU  - Boma Oyan
AU  - Sunny Chinenye
AU  - Chioma Unachukwu
AU  - Okechukwu Iheji
Y1  - 2023/04/15
PY  - 2023
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajim.20231102.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajim.20231102.11
T2  - American Journal of Internal Medicine
JF  - American Journal of Internal Medicine
JO  - American Journal of Internal Medicine
SP  - 22
EP  - 28
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-4324
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajim.20231102.11
AB  - Introduction: Prediabetes confers about a sixfold increased risk of diabetes and a two to threefold increased risk of cardiovascular events. A family history of diabetes is a major risk factor for the development of diabetes. The detection of prediabetes in its early stages in persons at risk could lead to the delay or prevention of the disease and subsequent adverse sequalae. Methods: A total of 180 first-degree relatives (FDR) of patients with type 2 diabetes and 90 controls were assessed. A fasting venous blood sample was collected for fasting plasma glucose. Following 75g of anhydrous glucose ingestion, the 2-hour post glucose load and glycated haemoglobin was assessed. Statistical significance was set at a p value Results: The mean age of the cases who were first degree relatives of type 2 DM was 38.2±12.3 years with a female to male ratio of 1.4:1. The prevalence of prediabetes was 23.9% which was significantly higher than in the controls (10%; χ2=8.385, p=0.015). Using the various indices of glycaemic control, impaired fasting glucose, impaired glucose tolerance and elevated HbA1c in the FDR’s was found in 15.0%, 12.2% and 15.6% respectively. Conclusion: Relatives of Type 2 DM patients should be considered as primary target for diabetes preventive programs as this will necessitate institution of effective measures early to delay or prevent the onset of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
VL  - 11
IS  - 2
ER  -

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Author Information

Nkemegbunam Okoli

Department of Internal Medicine, National Orthopaedic Hospital, Igbobi, Nigeria
Boma Oyan

Department of Internal Medicine, Rivers State University Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
Sunny Chinenye

Department of Internal Medicine, University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
Chioma Unachukwu

Department of Internal Medicine, University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
Okechukwu Iheji

Department of Internal Medicine, Federal Medical Centre, Umuahia, Nigeria

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APA Style

Nkemegbunam Okoli, Boma Oyan, Sunny Chinenye, Chioma Unachukwu, Okechukwu Iheji. (2023). Prevalence of Prediabetes in First Degree Relatives of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in a Tertiary Centre in Southern Nigeria. American Journal of Internal Medicine, 11(2), 22-28. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajim.20231102.11

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ACS Style

Nkemegbunam Okoli; Boma Oyan; Sunny Chinenye; Chioma Unachukwu; Okechukwu Iheji. Prevalence of Prediabetes in First Degree Relatives of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in a Tertiary Centre in Southern Nigeria. Am. J. Intern. Med. 2023, 11(2), 22-28. doi: 10.11648/j.ajim.20231102.11

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AMA Style

Nkemegbunam Okoli, Boma Oyan, Sunny Chinenye, Chioma Unachukwu, Okechukwu Iheji. Prevalence of Prediabetes in First Degree Relatives of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in a Tertiary Centre in Southern Nigeria. Am J Intern Med. 2023;11(2):22-28. doi: 10.11648/j.ajim.20231102.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ajim.20231102.11,
  author = {Nkemegbunam Okoli and Boma Oyan and Sunny Chinenye and Chioma Unachukwu and Okechukwu Iheji},
  title = {Prevalence of Prediabetes in First Degree Relatives of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in a Tertiary Centre in Southern Nigeria},
  journal = {American Journal of Internal Medicine},
  volume = {11},
  number = {2},
  pages = {22-28},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajim.20231102.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajim.20231102.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajim.20231102.11},
  abstract = {Introduction: Prediabetes confers about a sixfold increased risk of diabetes and a two to threefold increased risk of cardiovascular events. A family history of diabetes is a major risk factor for the development of diabetes. The detection of prediabetes in its early stages in persons at risk could lead to the delay or prevention of the disease and subsequent adverse sequalae. Methods: A total of 180 first-degree relatives (FDR) of patients with type 2 diabetes and 90 controls were assessed. A fasting venous blood sample was collected for fasting plasma glucose. Following 75g of anhydrous glucose ingestion, the 2-hour post glucose load and glycated haemoglobin was assessed. Statistical significance was set at a p value Results: The mean age of the cases who were first degree relatives of type 2 DM was 38.2±12.3 years with a female to male ratio of 1.4:1. The prevalence of prediabetes was 23.9% which was significantly higher than in the controls (10%; χ2=8.385, p=0.015). Using the various indices of glycaemic control, impaired fasting glucose, impaired glucose tolerance and elevated HbA1c in the FDR’s was found in 15.0%, 12.2% and 15.6% respectively. Conclusion: Relatives of Type 2 DM patients should be considered as primary target for diabetes preventive programs as this will necessitate institution of effective measures early to delay or prevent the onset of type 2 diabetes mellitus.},
 year = {2023}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Prevalence of Prediabetes in First Degree Relatives of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in a Tertiary Centre in Southern Nigeria
AU  - Nkemegbunam Okoli
AU  - Boma Oyan
AU  - Sunny Chinenye
AU  - Chioma Unachukwu
AU  - Okechukwu Iheji
Y1  - 2023/04/15
PY  - 2023
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajim.20231102.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajim.20231102.11
T2  - American Journal of Internal Medicine
JF  - American Journal of Internal Medicine
JO  - American Journal of Internal Medicine
SP  - 22
EP  - 28
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-4324
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajim.20231102.11
AB  - Introduction: Prediabetes confers about a sixfold increased risk of diabetes and a two to threefold increased risk of cardiovascular events. A family history of diabetes is a major risk factor for the development of diabetes. The detection of prediabetes in its early stages in persons at risk could lead to the delay or prevention of the disease and subsequent adverse sequalae. Methods: A total of 180 first-degree relatives (FDR) of patients with type 2 diabetes and 90 controls were assessed. A fasting venous blood sample was collected for fasting plasma glucose. Following 75g of anhydrous glucose ingestion, the 2-hour post glucose load and glycated haemoglobin was assessed. Statistical significance was set at a p value Results: The mean age of the cases who were first degree relatives of type 2 DM was 38.2±12.3 years with a female to male ratio of 1.4:1. The prevalence of prediabetes was 23.9% which was significantly higher than in the controls (10%; χ2=8.385, p=0.015). Using the various indices of glycaemic control, impaired fasting glucose, impaired glucose tolerance and elevated HbA1c in the FDR’s was found in 15.0%, 12.2% and 15.6% respectively. Conclusion: Relatives of Type 2 DM patients should be considered as primary target for diabetes preventive programs as this will necessitate institution of effective measures early to delay or prevent the onset of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
VL  - 11
IS  - 2
ER  -

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