Modelling Chlamydia Trachomatis Infection Among Young Women in Ghana: A Case Study at Tarkwa Nsuaem Municipality

Christiana Cynthia Nyarko; Nicholas Nicodemus Nana Nsowa-Nuamah; Peter Kwesi Nyarko; Eric Neebo Wiah; Albert Buabeng

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajam.20210903.13

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Modelling Chlamydia Trachomatis Infection Among Young Women in Ghana: A Case Study at Tarkwa Nsuaem Municipality

Christiana Cynthia Nyarko, Nicholas Nicodemus Nana Nsowa-Nuamah, Peter Kwesi Nyarko, Eric Neebo Wiah, Albert Buabeng

Published in American Journal of Applied Mathematics (Volume 9, Issue 3)

Received: 8 May 2021 Accepted: 3 June 2021 Published: 16 June 2021

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Abstract

Chlamydia Genital infection has been a global health issue especially among most developing countries. Although, a lot of researchers have modelled CT infection to determine the impact of different intervals between Chlamydia infection and the development of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) on the cost-effectiveness of screening and the use of Chlamydia vaccine. This paper seeks to model the dynamics of Chlamydia Trachomatis (CT) infection among females who were diagnosed of vaginal discharge and the likelihood of developing PID complications. The model was formulated using a sexual network to explore the relationship between Chlamydia infection through diagnosed vaginal infection and PID. A sample of 147 females were diagnosed and screened of Chlamydia related symptoms on a routine check-up in the Tarkwa Nsuaem Municipality in the Western part of Ghana. Lyapunov functions was used to prove the necessary and sufficient conditions for Stability State of the system while Next Generation Method was also used to calculate the basic reproduction number (R₀). The Stability Analysis of the Modified SIRS model shows that the system is locally and asymptotically stable at the Disease-Free Equilibrium (DFE) E₀, when R₀<1, and when R₀>1, the Endemic Equilibrium (EE) E*, was found to be locally and asymptotically stable at certain conditions. It was observed that, as the distribution increases sharply at a given contact rate (β) of 0.05, many of the patients were infected within the first three days as compared to when the contact rate was 0.001. Moreover, at contact rates (β) of 0.5, R₀ was greater than one, this shows how CT infection spreads in the population using parameter values in Table 1. Thus, the effects of change in the various initial conditions of the parameters (λ) and (β) on vaginal discharge and PID infections, turn to increase sharply at a higher infection rate for the first ten days of infection especially with vaginal discharge and then become stable over a period of time. This confirms the incubation period which is usually 7 to 10 days of infection. The paper concludes that, young women aged 18-24 years are more at risk of Chlamydia Trachomatis infection if diagnosed of vaginal discharge or PID and suggest early medication which is highly subsidised will help curb the spread of CT infection in the Municipality.

Published in	American Journal of Applied Mathematics (Volume 9, Issue 3)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajam.20210903.13
Page(s)	75-85
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Maximization, Fractional Laplace, Rearrangement

References

[1]	A. C. Gerbase, J. T. Rowley, D. H. Heymann, S. F. Berkley, and P. Piot (1998), “Global Prevalence and Incidence Estimates of Selected Curable STDs”, Sex Transm Infect, vol. 74, no. 1, pp. 12-16.
[2]	C. C. Nyarko, C. Unson, P. K. Nyarko and M. Koduah (2014), “Chlamydia trachomatis prevalence in Ghana-A study at a municipal district in Western Ghana”, International Journal of Scientific & Technology Research, vol 3, no. 1, pp. 163-169.
[3]	S. Hussen, D. Wachamo, Z. Yohannes and E. Tadesse (2018), “Prevalence of chlamydia trachomatis infection among reproductive age women in sub Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis”, BMC infectious diseases, vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 1-8.
[4]	W. E. Stamm (2004), “Chlamydia Screening: Expanding the Scope”, Annals of Internal Medicine, vol. 141, pp. 570-572.
[5]	K. A. Appea-Kubi, Y. Shinya, B. Sakyi and T. Kisimoto (2004), “Neisseria Gonorrhea, Chlamydial Trachomatis and Alladium Infection in Antenatal and Gynaecological Patients at Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Ghana”, Jpg J Infect Dis., vol. 57, pp. 253-256.
[6]	G. Deceuninck, C. Asamoah-Adu, N. Khonde, J. Pépin, E. H. Frost, S. Deslandes, A. Asamoah-Adu, V. Bekoe and M. Alary (2000), “Improvement of Clinical Algorithms for the Diagnosis of Neisseria Gonorrhea and Chlamydia Trachomatis by use of Gram-stained Smears Among Female Sex Workers in Accra, Ghana”, Sex Trans Dis, vol. 27, no. 7, pp. 401-410.
[7]	W. Stamm (1999), “Chlamydia Trachomatis Infections: Progress and Problems”, J Infectious Disease, vol. 179, pp. 380-383.
[8]	Opoku, B. K. and Sarkodie, Y. A. (2010), “Prevalence of Genital Chlamydia and Gonococcal Infections in at Risk Women in the Kumasi Metropolis, Ghana”, Ghana Med Journal, 44 (1): 21-24.
[9]	World Health Organization (WHO) (2011). “Prevalence and incidence of selected sexually transmitted infections, Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Syphilis and trichomonas vaginalis” methods and results used by WHO to generate 2005 estimates”, Geneva.
[10]	Adachi, K., Nielsen-Saines, K. and Klausner J. D. (2016), “Chlamydia trachomatis infection in pregnancy: the global challenge of preventing adverse pregnancy and infant outcomes in sub-Saharan Africa and Asia”, 1–21
[11]	Molano, M., Meijer, C. J. L. M., Weiderpass, E., Arslan A., Posso, H. and Franceschi, S. (2005), “The natural course of Chlamydia Trachomatis Infection in Asymptomatic Colombian Women: a 5-year Follow-up Study”, J Infect Dis., Vol. 191, pp. 907-916.
[12]	Smith, J. S., Franceschi, S. and Van den Brule, A. (2007), “Cervical Infection with Chlamydia Trachomatis and Neisseria Gonorrhoeae in Women from Ten Areas in Four continents”. ISSN: 0148-5717, 2007 Aug; Vol. 34, No. 8, pp. 563-569.
[13]	R. Ullah, G. Zaman and S. Islam (2013), “Stability analysis of a general SIR epidemic model”, VFAST Transactions on Mathematics, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 57-61.
[14]	Ghana Statistical Services (2013), Population and Housing Census, https://statsghana.gov.gh/gssmain/fileUpload/pressrelease/2010_PHC_National_Analytical_Report.pdf. Accessed: February 2, 2019.
[15]	Sharma S. and Samanta G. P (2014). “Analysis of a Chlamydia Epidemic Model” Journal of Biological System, vol. 22, no. 4 pp. 713-744.

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Christiana Cynthia Nyarko, Nicholas Nicodemus Nana Nsowa-Nuamah, Peter Kwesi Nyarko, Eric Neebo Wiah, Albert Buabeng. (2021). Modelling Chlamydia Trachomatis Infection Among Young Women in Ghana: A Case Study at Tarkwa Nsuaem Municipality. American Journal of Applied Mathematics, 9(3), 75-85. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajam.20210903.13

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ACS Style

Christiana Cynthia Nyarko; Nicholas Nicodemus Nana Nsowa-Nuamah; Peter Kwesi Nyarko; Eric Neebo Wiah; Albert Buabeng. Modelling Chlamydia Trachomatis Infection Among Young Women in Ghana: A Case Study at Tarkwa Nsuaem Municipality. Am. J. Appl. Math. 2021, 9(3), 75-85. doi: 10.11648/j.ajam.20210903.13

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Christiana Cynthia Nyarko, Nicholas Nicodemus Nana Nsowa-Nuamah, Peter Kwesi Nyarko, Eric Neebo Wiah, Albert Buabeng. Modelling Chlamydia Trachomatis Infection Among Young Women in Ghana: A Case Study at Tarkwa Nsuaem Municipality. Am J Appl Math. 2021;9(3):75-85. doi: 10.11648/j.ajam.20210903.13

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@article{10.11648/j.ajam.20210903.13,
  author = {Christiana Cynthia Nyarko and Nicholas Nicodemus Nana Nsowa-Nuamah and Peter Kwesi Nyarko and Eric Neebo Wiah and Albert Buabeng},
  title = {Modelling Chlamydia Trachomatis Infection Among Young Women in Ghana: A Case Study at Tarkwa Nsuaem Municipality},
  journal = {American Journal of Applied Mathematics},
  volume = {9},
  number = {3},
  pages = {75-85},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajam.20210903.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajam.20210903.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajam.20210903.13},
  abstract = {Chlamydia Genital infection has been a global health issue especially among most developing countries. Although, a lot of researchers have modelled CT infection to determine the impact of different intervals between Chlamydia infection and the development of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) on the cost-effectiveness of screening and the use of Chlamydia vaccine. This paper seeks to model the dynamics of Chlamydia Trachomatis (CT) infection among females who were diagnosed of vaginal discharge and the likelihood of developing PID complications. The model was formulated using a sexual network to explore the relationship between Chlamydia infection through diagnosed vaginal infection and PID. A sample of 147 females were diagnosed and screened of Chlamydia related symptoms on a routine check-up in the Tarkwa Nsuaem Municipality in the Western part of Ghana. Lyapunov functions was used to prove the necessary and sufficient conditions for Stability State of the system while Next Generation Method was also used to calculate the basic reproduction number (R0). The Stability Analysis of the Modified SIRS model shows that the system is locally and asymptotically stable at the Disease-Free Equilibrium (DFE) E0, when R0R0>1, the Endemic Equilibrium (EE) E*, was found to be locally and asymptotically stable at certain conditions. It was observed that, as the distribution increases sharply at a given contact rate (β) of 0.05, many of the patients were infected within the first three days as compared to when the contact rate was 0.001. Moreover, at contact rates (β) of 0.5, R0 was greater than one, this shows how CT infection spreads in the population using parameter values in Table 1. Thus, the effects of change in the various initial conditions of the parameters (λ) and (β) on vaginal discharge and PID infections, turn to increase sharply at a higher infection rate for the first ten days of infection especially with vaginal discharge and then become stable over a period of time. This confirms the incubation period which is usually 7 to 10 days of infection. The paper concludes that, young women aged 18-24 years are more at risk of Chlamydia Trachomatis infection if diagnosed of vaginal discharge or PID and suggest early medication which is highly subsidised will help curb the spread of CT infection in the Municipality.},
 year = {2021}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Modelling Chlamydia Trachomatis Infection Among Young Women in Ghana: A Case Study at Tarkwa Nsuaem Municipality
AU  - Christiana Cynthia Nyarko
AU  - Nicholas Nicodemus Nana Nsowa-Nuamah
AU  - Peter Kwesi Nyarko
AU  - Eric Neebo Wiah
AU  - Albert Buabeng
Y1  - 2021/06/16
PY  - 2021
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajam.20210903.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajam.20210903.13
T2  - American Journal of Applied Mathematics
JF  - American Journal of Applied Mathematics
JO  - American Journal of Applied Mathematics
SP  - 75
EP  - 85
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-006X
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajam.20210903.13
AB  - Chlamydia Genital infection has been a global health issue especially among most developing countries. Although, a lot of researchers have modelled CT infection to determine the impact of different intervals between Chlamydia infection and the development of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) on the cost-effectiveness of screening and the use of Chlamydia vaccine. This paper seeks to model the dynamics of Chlamydia Trachomatis (CT) infection among females who were diagnosed of vaginal discharge and the likelihood of developing PID complications. The model was formulated using a sexual network to explore the relationship between Chlamydia infection through diagnosed vaginal infection and PID. A sample of 147 females were diagnosed and screened of Chlamydia related symptoms on a routine check-up in the Tarkwa Nsuaem Municipality in the Western part of Ghana. Lyapunov functions was used to prove the necessary and sufficient conditions for Stability State of the system while Next Generation Method was also used to calculate the basic reproduction number (R0). The Stability Analysis of the Modified SIRS model shows that the system is locally and asymptotically stable at the Disease-Free Equilibrium (DFE) E0, when R0R0>1, the Endemic Equilibrium (EE) E*, was found to be locally and asymptotically stable at certain conditions. It was observed that, as the distribution increases sharply at a given contact rate (β) of 0.05, many of the patients were infected within the first three days as compared to when the contact rate was 0.001. Moreover, at contact rates (β) of 0.5, R0 was greater than one, this shows how CT infection spreads in the population using parameter values in Table 1. Thus, the effects of change in the various initial conditions of the parameters (λ) and (β) on vaginal discharge and PID infections, turn to increase sharply at a higher infection rate for the first ten days of infection especially with vaginal discharge and then become stable over a period of time. This confirms the incubation period which is usually 7 to 10 days of infection. The paper concludes that, young women aged 18-24 years are more at risk of Chlamydia Trachomatis infection if diagnosed of vaginal discharge or PID and suggest early medication which is highly subsidised will help curb the spread of CT infection in the Municipality.
VL  - 9
IS  - 3
ER  -

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Author Information

Christiana Cynthia Nyarko

Department of Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, University of Mines and Technology, Tarkwa, Ghana
Nicholas Nicodemus Nana Nsowa-Nuamah

Department of Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, University of Mines and Technology, Tarkwa, Ghana
Peter Kwesi Nyarko

Department of Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, University of Mines and Technology, Tarkwa, Ghana
Eric Neebo Wiah

Department of Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, University of Mines and Technology, Tarkwa, Ghana
Albert Buabeng

Department of Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, University of Mines and Technology, Tarkwa, Ghana

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APA Style

Christiana Cynthia Nyarko, Nicholas Nicodemus Nana Nsowa-Nuamah, Peter Kwesi Nyarko, Eric Neebo Wiah, Albert Buabeng. (2021). Modelling Chlamydia Trachomatis Infection Among Young Women in Ghana: A Case Study at Tarkwa Nsuaem Municipality. American Journal of Applied Mathematics, 9(3), 75-85. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajam.20210903.13

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ACS Style

Christiana Cynthia Nyarko; Nicholas Nicodemus Nana Nsowa-Nuamah; Peter Kwesi Nyarko; Eric Neebo Wiah; Albert Buabeng. Modelling Chlamydia Trachomatis Infection Among Young Women in Ghana: A Case Study at Tarkwa Nsuaem Municipality. Am. J. Appl. Math. 2021, 9(3), 75-85. doi: 10.11648/j.ajam.20210903.13

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AMA Style

Christiana Cynthia Nyarko, Nicholas Nicodemus Nana Nsowa-Nuamah, Peter Kwesi Nyarko, Eric Neebo Wiah, Albert Buabeng. Modelling Chlamydia Trachomatis Infection Among Young Women in Ghana: A Case Study at Tarkwa Nsuaem Municipality. Am J Appl Math. 2021;9(3):75-85. doi: 10.11648/j.ajam.20210903.13

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ajam.20210903.13,
  author = {Christiana Cynthia Nyarko and Nicholas Nicodemus Nana Nsowa-Nuamah and Peter Kwesi Nyarko and Eric Neebo Wiah and Albert Buabeng},
  title = {Modelling Chlamydia Trachomatis Infection Among Young Women in Ghana: A Case Study at Tarkwa Nsuaem Municipality},
  journal = {American Journal of Applied Mathematics},
  volume = {9},
  number = {3},
  pages = {75-85},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajam.20210903.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajam.20210903.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajam.20210903.13},
  abstract = {Chlamydia Genital infection has been a global health issue especially among most developing countries. Although, a lot of researchers have modelled CT infection to determine the impact of different intervals between Chlamydia infection and the development of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) on the cost-effectiveness of screening and the use of Chlamydia vaccine. This paper seeks to model the dynamics of Chlamydia Trachomatis (CT) infection among females who were diagnosed of vaginal discharge and the likelihood of developing PID complications. The model was formulated using a sexual network to explore the relationship between Chlamydia infection through diagnosed vaginal infection and PID. A sample of 147 females were diagnosed and screened of Chlamydia related symptoms on a routine check-up in the Tarkwa Nsuaem Municipality in the Western part of Ghana. Lyapunov functions was used to prove the necessary and sufficient conditions for Stability State of the system while Next Generation Method was also used to calculate the basic reproduction number (R0). The Stability Analysis of the Modified SIRS model shows that the system is locally and asymptotically stable at the Disease-Free Equilibrium (DFE) E0, when R0R0>1, the Endemic Equilibrium (EE) E*, was found to be locally and asymptotically stable at certain conditions. It was observed that, as the distribution increases sharply at a given contact rate (β) of 0.05, many of the patients were infected within the first three days as compared to when the contact rate was 0.001. Moreover, at contact rates (β) of 0.5, R0 was greater than one, this shows how CT infection spreads in the population using parameter values in Table 1. Thus, the effects of change in the various initial conditions of the parameters (λ) and (β) on vaginal discharge and PID infections, turn to increase sharply at a higher infection rate for the first ten days of infection especially with vaginal discharge and then become stable over a period of time. This confirms the incubation period which is usually 7 to 10 days of infection. The paper concludes that, young women aged 18-24 years are more at risk of Chlamydia Trachomatis infection if diagnosed of vaginal discharge or PID and suggest early medication which is highly subsidised will help curb the spread of CT infection in the Municipality.},
 year = {2021}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Modelling Chlamydia Trachomatis Infection Among Young Women in Ghana: A Case Study at Tarkwa Nsuaem Municipality
AU  - Christiana Cynthia Nyarko
AU  - Nicholas Nicodemus Nana Nsowa-Nuamah
AU  - Peter Kwesi Nyarko
AU  - Eric Neebo Wiah
AU  - Albert Buabeng
Y1  - 2021/06/16
PY  - 2021
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajam.20210903.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajam.20210903.13
T2  - American Journal of Applied Mathematics
JF  - American Journal of Applied Mathematics
JO  - American Journal of Applied Mathematics
SP  - 75
EP  - 85
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-006X
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajam.20210903.13
AB  - Chlamydia Genital infection has been a global health issue especially among most developing countries. Although, a lot of researchers have modelled CT infection to determine the impact of different intervals between Chlamydia infection and the development of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) on the cost-effectiveness of screening and the use of Chlamydia vaccine. This paper seeks to model the dynamics of Chlamydia Trachomatis (CT) infection among females who were diagnosed of vaginal discharge and the likelihood of developing PID complications. The model was formulated using a sexual network to explore the relationship between Chlamydia infection through diagnosed vaginal infection and PID. A sample of 147 females were diagnosed and screened of Chlamydia related symptoms on a routine check-up in the Tarkwa Nsuaem Municipality in the Western part of Ghana. Lyapunov functions was used to prove the necessary and sufficient conditions for Stability State of the system while Next Generation Method was also used to calculate the basic reproduction number (R0). The Stability Analysis of the Modified SIRS model shows that the system is locally and asymptotically stable at the Disease-Free Equilibrium (DFE) E0, when R0R0>1, the Endemic Equilibrium (EE) E*, was found to be locally and asymptotically stable at certain conditions. It was observed that, as the distribution increases sharply at a given contact rate (β) of 0.05, many of the patients were infected within the first three days as compared to when the contact rate was 0.001. Moreover, at contact rates (β) of 0.5, R0 was greater than one, this shows how CT infection spreads in the population using parameter values in Table 1. Thus, the effects of change in the various initial conditions of the parameters (λ) and (β) on vaginal discharge and PID infections, turn to increase sharply at a higher infection rate for the first ten days of infection especially with vaginal discharge and then become stable over a period of time. This confirms the incubation period which is usually 7 to 10 days of infection. The paper concludes that, young women aged 18-24 years are more at risk of Chlamydia Trachomatis infection if diagnosed of vaginal discharge or PID and suggest early medication which is highly subsidised will help curb the spread of CT infection in the Municipality.
VL  - 9
IS  - 3
ER  -

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